ASH 2016 | Prognostic Value of Baseline Quantitative PET Metrics for Patients with Unfavorable Early Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma Enrolled in the Standard Arm of the EORTC/Lysa/FIL H10 Trial

The 58^th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American Society of Hematology’s (ASH) took place in San Diego, CA, and on December 3^rd, Anne Ségolène Cottereau, MD, from the Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, presented analysis of data from the H10 EORTC/LYSA/FIL trial.

The authors set out to assess baseline FDG PET/CT scans to assay prognostic value of two quantitative PET measurements in 128 patients randomly selected from 352 patients in the unfavorable group of the standard arm. The two measurements assessed were total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and standard treatment was 4 cycles of ABVD with PET2 after 2 cycles of ABVD.

Highlights:

• Strongest quantitative PET predictor was TLG41% for PFS (P=0.0006, HR=6.5) and OS (P=0.025 HR=7.7)
• TMTV41% was a worse predictor with both PFS (P=0.0099, HR= 3.26) and OS (P=0.022, HR= 2.8 than TLG41%.
• In multivariate analysis only TLG41% was a significant predictor of PFS and OS
• Overall 5yr PFS = 84%, 5yr OS = 92%
• High TLG41% 5yr PFS = 76% vs lower TLG41% = 92%
• High TLG41% 5yr OS = 88% vs lower TLG41% = 96%
• Combining TLG41% and interim PET resulted in 3 prognostic categories:
  • Poor outcome with 5yr PFS 57% = positive PET2 and high TLG41%
  • Intermediate with 5yr PFS 88%
  • Good outcome with 5yr PFS 92% = negative PET2 and low TLG41%

Anne Ségolène Cottereau concluded by suggesting that including TLG41% status in prognostic may decrease the false positive rate of PET2. Furthermore, TLD was suggested to be an independent prognostic indicator in early stage HL and could be used to target treatment intensification. 

Abstract:

Objective: Baseline quantitative PET parameters measuring tumour burden and metabolism are proposed as early prognosticators of outcome in different lymphoma subtypes. It has been shown that in advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) or total lesion glycolysis (TLG) predicted outcome better than the bulk. From the H10 EORTC/LYSA/FIL randomized intergroup trial (NCT00433433) including patients with supradiaphragmatic stage I/II, histologically proven classical HL, we investigated the prognostic value of quantitative PET metrics measured on baseline FDG PET/CT in the unfavorable group of the standard arm.

Methods: One hundred and fifty patients were randomly selected from the 352 patients recruited by the LYSA centers, in the unfavorable group (≥ 4 nodal areas or age ≥ 50 yrs or mediastinal thoracic (MT) ratio ≥ 0.35 or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥ 50 (without B-symptoms) or ESR ≥ 30 (with B-symptoms)) of the standard arm of the H10 trial. Only patients who had baseline PET/CT with fused images available were analyzed. Standard treatment was 4 cycles of ABVD completed by involved-node radiotherapy. All patients had an interim PET performed after 2 ABVD cycles (PET2). Baseline TMTV was computed using the 41% and 25% SUVmax thresholding methods; SUVmax, TLG_41%, TLG_25% were calculated. PET2 was centrally reviewed reported. Optimal quantitative parameters cut-off to predict PFS and OS were determined by ROC curves, and Kaplan Meier (KM) curves were obtained. Multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox model.

Results: 128 patients with a median age of 32 years were analyzed: 54 (42%) had B symptoms, 74 (58%) had ESR>40 (ROC optimal cut off), 48 (37%) mediastinal bulk as defined above. Median TMTV_41%, TMTV_25%, SUV_maxand TLG_41%, TLG_25% were 81 cm³ (25^th-75^thpercentiles 44-145 cm³), 194 cm³ (112-323), 11 (8-14), 407 cm³(221-475) and 731 cm³ 430-1321) respectively. After a median follow-up of 5 years, the 5y-PFS was 84% and the 5y-OS was 92%.

The strongest PET quantitative parameter to predict outcome was the TLG_41% (p=0.0006 HR=6.5 for PFS with a cut off of 420 cm³, p=0.025 HR=7.7 for OS with a cut off of 584 cm³). Patients with a high TLG_41% had a 5y-PFS of 76% vs 92% (95%CI 71-81; 88-96) and a 5y-OS of 88% vs 96% (95%CI 83-92; 92-100) for those with the lower TLG_41% respectively. Similar results were found using 25% SUVmax threshold (p=0.0005 HR=4.7 for PFS, p=0.0032 HR=7.9 for OS).

TMTV_41% higher than 149 cm³ cut off was associated with a worse PFS (p=0.0099, HR=3.26) and OS (p=0.022, HR=4.8) but with a lower significance level. A SUVmax greater than 14 was also associated with a worse PFS (p=0.018 HR=3.0) with a 5y-PFS of 74% vs 86% but not with OS. In multivariate analysis testing TLG_41% and SUVmax or TLG_41%and TMTV_41%, only TLG_41% remained significant (p=0.0096 and p=0.015 for PFS and OS respectively).

B symptoms and ESR>40 were predictive of PFS (p=0.0077 HR=3.7 and p=0.0062 HR=6.07 respectively) but not of OS. MT ratio was predictive of neither PFS nor OS (p=0.49, p=0.20). In multivariate analysis, B symptoms, ESR>40 and TLG_41% remained significant independent predictors of PFS (p=0.038; p=0.034; p=0.014 respectively).

For the 124 patients with a centralized reading available, a positive PET after two cycles (PET2 +) using IHP criteria (n=29) was associated with a worse PFS (p=0.0006). In multivariate analysis testing TLG_41% and interim PET, they both remained independent prognosticators (p=0.014 and p=0.025 respectively).

Interestingly combining TLG_41% and interim PET brings out 3 distinctive prognostic categories (p<0.0001): negative PET2 and low TLG_41% with good outcome (5y-PFS=92%, n=60); positive PET2 and high TLG_41% with bad outcome (5y-PFS=57%, n=21) and an intermediate category (5y-PFS=88%, n=43) cf. KM curve. No progression was observed in the 8 patients with a positive interim PET but a low baseline TLG_41%, suggesting that TLG41% results may reduce the numbers of false positive PET2 patients.

Conclusion: Quantitative PET parameters improve patient risk stratification at staging. The study data suggest that TLG is an independent prognosticator of outcome and seems particularly interesting in early stage HL patients, to identify in conjunction with the early PET response, those patients who require treatment intensification.